Thư viện tập trung - Thư viện điện tử

Sách, tuyển tập

Mapping the risk and distribution of epidemics in the WHO African Region: a technical report / World Health Organization. Regional Office for Africa

Tác giả : World Health Organization. Regional Office for Africa

Nhà xuất bản : World Health Organization. Regional Office for Africa

Năm xuất bản : 2016

ISBN : 97892902330844

Chủ đề : 1. Africa. 2. Communicable Diseases -- utilization. 3. Data Collection. 4. Disease Outbreaks -- statistics and numerical data. 5. Epidemics -- supply and distribution. 6. Risk Assessment. 7. Publications.

Chia sẻ

Thông tin chi tiết

Tóm tắt :

62 p. Disease epidemics result in substantial ill health and loss of lives and therefore pose a threat to global health security, undermine socio-economic lives and destabilize societies. Disease surveillance is a critical component in detecting and effectively responding to epidemics to minimize loss of live and their disruptive consequences. Carefully assembled surveillance data at the highest possible spatial resolutions also permit the understanding of the burden of epidemics, their co-occurrence and the key biological, ecological, economic, health system and governance determinants. It is for this purpose that the WHO-AFRO has commissioned this report. The overarching objective was to develop a comprehensive spatially defined database of outbreaks and epidemics and delineate the ecological zones of diseases that are classified as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) according the International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005 and malaria. The main tasks included the assembly of an inventory of all epidemics reported in Africa from 1970-2016 characterised by date of occurrence, length of epidemic and magnitude and district of occurrence; definition of ecological zones of PHEIC diseases and malaria; the assembly of data on important socio-economic, health systems and environmental correlate and an basic statistical analysis of their relationship with occurrence and frequency of epidemics and outbreaks. Through this study, several products have been developed including time series graphs of outbreak and epidemic occurrence by country, maps of the ecologies of the PHEIC diseases and epidemics, the distribution of these diseases by district. Overall, over 1730 outbreaks/epidemics have been reported in the WHO African region in the period 1970 to 2016. Because the outbreak/epidemic thresholds of the different diseases vary and the actual case data is incomplete, it is difficult to compare which diseases are most prevalent or pervasive. However, in terms of frequency of events, cholera, the arboviruses, measles and meningitis rank the highest. Of the nearly 5250 administrative 2 units analysed in this study, almost each one has reported some form of a disease outbreak in the period 1970-2016, with cholera being the most geographically widespread. The resulting databases are spatially defined and should serve as the basis of subnational inventory of disease outbreaks and epidemics in the region. Several challenges were encountered in the process of implementing this exercise: There is limited information on the definitions and thresholds of outbreaks used over time and how this may have been affected by changing diagnostics and case definitions. This results in uncertainties in the temporal comparison of data. There were inconsistencies between the major databases used in this report in terms of occurrence and magnitude of outbreaks. Agreement across more than two databases supported with literature review and consultation with the WHO AFRO and HQ teams helped with data verification. Poor access to national surveillance bulletins, which are an important source of original outbreak and epidemics data, was a challenge to the data verification process and the development of online portals of national surveillance reports is critical. There is limited data before 1980, most likely as a consequence of poor reporting or archiving of outbreak and epidemic data in libraries outside of Africa. In contrast, there is a greater frequency of reported outbreaks in the last 15 years as diagnosis and surveillance improved. For these reasons, extreme caution must be exercised when interpreting the trends in disease outbreaks and epidemics in Africa. The description of the location of outbreak and epidemic events were variable. In some cases the name of village, town or district were reported. In others, the spatial definition of data was at regional or country levels. The aim of this project was to harmonize these data was to de

Chia sẻ

Hiển thị MARC

Thông tin dữ liệu nguồn

Thư viện	Ký hiệu xếp giá	Dữ liệu nguồn
Tổ chức y tế thế giới		https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/206560

Ldr		00025nam a2200024 a 4500
001		CLN251047441
020	__	$a97892902330844
041	__	$aen
100	__	$aWorld Health Organization. Regional Office for Africa
245	__	$aMapping the risk and distribution of epidemics in the WHO African Region: a technical report /$cWorld Health Organization. Regional Office for Africa
260	__	$bWorld Health Organization. Regional Office for Africa ,$c2016
520	__	$a62 p.
520	__	$aDisease epidemics result in substantial ill health and loss of lives and therefore pose a threat to global health security, undermine socio-economic lives and destabilize societies. Disease surveillance is a critical component in detecting and effectively responding to epidemics to minimize loss of live and their disruptive consequences. Carefully assembled surveillance data at the highest possible spatial resolutions also permit the understanding of the burden of epidemics, their co-occurrence and the key biological, ecological, economic, health system and governance determinants. It is for this purpose that the WHO-AFRO has commissioned this report. The overarching objective was to develop a comprehensive spatially defined database of outbreaks and epidemics and delineate the ecological zones of diseases that are classified as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) according the International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005 and malaria. The main tasks included the assembly of an inventory of all epidemics reported in Africa from 1970-2016 characterised by date of occurrence, length of epidemic and magnitude and district of occurrence; definition of ecological zones of PHEIC diseases and malaria; the assembly of data on important socio-economic, health systems and environmental correlate and an basic statistical analysis of their relationship with occurrence and frequency of epidemics and outbreaks. Through this study, several products have been developed including time series graphs of outbreak and epidemic occurrence by country, maps of the ecologies of the PHEIC diseases and epidemics, the distribution of these diseases by district. Overall, over 1730 outbreaks/epidemics have been reported in the WHO African region in the period 1970 to 2016. Because the outbreak/epidemic thresholds of the different diseases vary and the actual case data is incomplete, it is difficult to compare which diseases are most prevalent or pervasive. However, in terms of frequency of events, cholera, the arboviruses, measles and meningitis rank the highest. Of the nearly 5250 administrative 2 units analysed in this study, almost each one has reported some form of a disease outbreak in the period 1970-2016, with cholera being the most geographically widespread. The resulting databases are spatially defined and should serve as the basis of subnational inventory of disease outbreaks and epidemics in the region. Several challenges were encountered in the process of implementing this exercise: There is limited information on the definitions and thresholds of outbreaks used over time and how this may have been affected by changing diagnostics and case definitions. This results in uncertainties in the temporal comparison of data. There were inconsistencies between the major databases used in this report in terms of occurrence and magnitude of outbreaks. Agreement across more than two databases supported with literature review and consultation with the WHO AFRO and HQ teams helped with data verification. Poor access to national surveillance bulletins, which are an important source of original outbreak and epidemics data, was a challenge to the data verification process and the development of online portals of national surveillance reports is critical. There is limited data before 1980, most likely as a consequence of poor reporting or archiving of outbreak and epidemic data in libraries outside of Africa. In contrast, there is a greater frequency of reported outbreaks in the last 15 years as diagnosis and surveillance improved. For these reasons, extreme caution must be exercised when interpreting the trends in disease outbreaks and epidemics in Africa. The description of the location of outbreak and epidemic events were variable. In some cases the name of village, town or district were reported. In others, the spatial definition of data was at regional or country levels. The aim of this project was to harmonize these data was to de
650	_2	$aDisease Outbreaks $xstatistics and numerical data
650	_2	$aEpidemics $xsupply and distribution
650	_2	$aCommunicable Diseases $xutilization
650	_2	$aRisk Assessment
650	_2	$aData Collection
650	_2	$aAfrica
655	__	$aPublications
856	__	$uhttps://iris.who.int/handle/10665/206560
900		1
907		https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/206560/97892902330844.pdf.jpg?sequence=4&isAllowed=y
925		G
926		0
927		SH

Mapping the risk and distribution of epidemics in the WHO African Region: a technical report / World Health Organization. Regional Office for Africa

Thông tin dữ liệu nguồn

Tài liệu cùng tác giả

Handbook on vector control in malaria elimination / World Health Organization. Regional Office for Africa

Atlas of african health statistics 2016: health situation analysis of the African Region / World Health Organization. Regional Office for Africa

The Africa Health Transformation Programme 2015–2020: A Vision for Universal Health Coverage / World Health Organization. Regional Office for Africa

Implementation of indoor residual spraying to assess feasibility in Sierra Leone: final report of a pilot project / World Health Organization. Regional Office for Africa

WHO Country Cooperation Strategy 2014-2018: Rwanda = CCS Rwanda / World Health Organization. Regional Office for Africa

Lời ngỏ

Mục đích và phương châm hoạt động

Bản quyền