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  • Violence and abuse among working children in urban and suburban areas of lower Sindh, Pakistan / Meesha Iqbal;Zafar Fatmi;Kausar Khan;Asaad Nafees
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Violence and abuse among working children in urban and suburban areas of lower Sindh, Pakistan / Meesha Iqbal;Zafar Fatmi;Kausar Khan;Asaad Nafees

Tác giả : Meesha Iqbal;Zafar Fatmi;Kausar Khan;Asaad Nafees

Nhà xuất bản : World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean

Năm xuất bản : 2021

Chủ đề : 1. Child. 2. Child Abuse. 3. Child Abuse, Sexual. 4. Child Labor. 5. Physical Abuse. 6. Suburban Population. 7. Urban Population. 8. Violence. 9. Violence Against Children. 10. Journal / periodical articles.

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Background: Child labourers are exposed to an insecure environment and higher risk of violence. Violence among child labourers is an under-studied phenomenon which requires contextual assessment. Aims: We applied Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model (micro-, exo- and macro-system) to understand the interplay of individual, community, societal and policy context fueling violence. Methods: Focus group discussions and family ethnographies of child-labourers working in common occupational sectors of suburban areas of Sindh were carried out to gain in-depth understanding of their immediate environment and abuse (micro-system). Frequency of emotional, physical and sexual violence (5–14 years; n = 634) was also determined. In- depth interviews with employers (exo-system, n = 4) and key-informant-interviews of prominent stakeholders in Pakistan (macro-system, n = 4) working against labour/violence were carried out Thematic-content analysis was performed using MAXQDA, version 8.0. Results: We estimated that 21%, 19% and 9% of children suffered from emotional, physical and sexual violence respectively. Child labourers interviews indicated the existence of all forms of abuse at home and in the workplace; sexual violence by grandfathers was highlighted (micro-system). Children reported frequent scolding and insults in the workplace along with physical violence that could be fatal (exo-system). The legal environment of violence in Pakistan was considered deficient as it did not address the hidden forms (touching, kissing, etc.; macro-system). Conclusion: We documented that all forms of violence were rampant among the child labourers, and improved efforts and comprehensive legislation is direly needed to alleviate the situation.
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Tổ chức y tế thế giới
https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/352816

 

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Engagement of private healthcare sector in addressing noncommunicable diseases at primary care level in the Eastern Mediterranean Region / Meesha Iqbal;Romaina Iqbal;Sameen Siddiqi;Slim Slama;Pyi Pyi Phyo;Aya Thabet;Asmus Hammerich;Hicham El-Berri

Tác giả : Meesha Iqbal;Romaina Iqbal;Sameen Siddiqi;Slim Slama;Pyi Pyi Phyo;Aya Thabet;Asmus Hammerich;Hicham El-Berri

Nhà xuất bản : World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean

Năm xuất bản : 2024